AOAC SPIFAN Stakeholder Panel Meeting Book (September 7, 2019)

Interpersonal HMO variation Examples of factors influencing content and composition of HMO

• Presence / Absence of FUT2 • Presence / Absence of FUT3

Æ Secretor / non-secretor mothers (Se+ / Se-)

Æ Lewis positive / Lewis Negative (Le+ / Le-)

• Term / Preterm delivery

Æ Preterm higher HMO concentrations

• Lactation stage

Æ Colostrum higher in total & sialylated HMO

• Body Mass Index (BMI) • Parity

Æ Small but significant differences in HMO concentration and profile distribution 1

• Mode of Delivery

HMO composition is not identical and varies from mother to mother

1 Samuel et al. Nature Scientific Reports (2019) 9 : 11767

Beneficial health effects

• Prebiotics (growth of B. infantis, B. bifidum) • Antiadhesive properties (mimic natural ligands of bacteria; C. jejuni and 2’FL) • Epithelial Cell modulators (influencing cell surface glycosylation; reduce susceptibility for pathogens) • Leucocyte rolling & adhesion modulators (sialylated HMO interfere to P-selectin-mediated leucocyte adhesion during inflammation) • Brain development (breastfed infants higher bound Sia concentrations)

Bode (2012) Glycobiology 22, 1147-1162