SPDS eBook March 2017

3/10/2017

General Analytical Needs

▪ Method should ▪ Identify and quantify relevant phenolic compounds (caftaric acid, cichoric acid, chlorogenic acid, cynarine, 1,3-dicaffeoylquinic acid, echinacoside) in Echinacea angustifolia , Echinacea pallida , and Echinacea purpurea raw materials and a variety of dietary supplements in which echinacea (crude powdered or extracted) materials is a dietary ingredient ▪ Identify Echinacea angustifolia , Echinacea pallida , and Echinacea purpurea adulterants in dietary supplement raw materials and finished products

Challenges

▪ Variety of matrixes on the market: ▪ Powdered crude raw material, hydroalcoholic extracts, glycerin-water extracts, press juices ▪ Combination products of echinacea with goldenseal ( Hydrastis canadensis ) and many other botanical ingredients, vitamins and minerals ▪ Phenolic compound stability: susceptibility to oxidation and enzymatic degradation ▪ Purity of standards ▪ Confusion in nomenclature of cynarine, and correct configuration of cynarine and 1,5- dicaffeoylquinic acid reference materials ▪ Transesterification of 1,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid to cynarine has been observed in artichoke ( Cynara scolymus ) after high temperature extraction

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