SPDS eBook March 2017

3/10/2017

Background on the Plant Material (continued)

▪ The phytochemicals responsible for the immunostimulant properties of Echinacea spp. are not known ▪ The following compound classes have been linked to bioactivity: ▪ Alkylamides (alkamides) ▪ Phenolic compounds ▪ Polysaccharides ▪ LPS and lipoproteins produced by bacterial endophytes

Background on the Echinacea phenolics

Cynarine

Concentrations in % of dried plant part

Cichoric acid

Caftaric acid

Echinacoside Chlorogenic acid

Cynarine 1

E. angustifolia

E. pallida

Cichoric acid

E. purpura root

0.33 – 2.78 0.35 – 0.80

0.52 – 2.20 0.18 – 0.85

E. purpurea tops

Caftaric acid

1 Syn. 1,3-dicaffeoylquinic acid (1 R ,3 R ,4 S ,5 R )-1,3-bis[[( E )-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoyl]oxy]-4,5-dihydroxycyclohexane-1-carboxylic acid

Echinacoside

References: Brown et al . 2011, JAOAC Int . 94(5): 1400–1410; Perry et al . 2001, J Agric Food Chem . 49(4): 1702-1706; Laasonen et al . 2002, Planta Med . 68: 572 – 574; Pellati et al . 2005, Phytochem Anal . 16(2): 77 – 85. Blaschek. In: Wichtl – Teedrogen und Phytopharmaka, 2016.

2