the Stakeholder Panel on Dietary Supplements

Main Echinacea phenolics

Concentrations in % of dried plant part

Cichoric acid

Caftaric acid

Echinacoside Chlorogenic acid

Cynarine 1

E. angustifolia

0.13 – 1.70

E. pallida

0.13 – 1.27

E. purpura  root

0.33 – 2.78 0.35 – 0.80

E. purpurea tops 0.52 – 2.20 0.18 – 0.85

1 Syn. 1,3-dicaffeoylquinic acid (1 R ,3 R ,4 S ,5 R )-1,3-bis[[( E )-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoyl]oxy]-4,5-dihydroxycyclohexane-1-carboxylic acid

Cynarine

Caftaric acid

Cichoric acid

Echinacoside

References: Brown et al . 2011, JAOAC Int . 94(5): 1400–1410; Perry et al . 2001, J Agric Food Chem . 49(4): 1702-1706; Laasonen et al . 2002, Planta Med . 68: 572 – 574; Pellati et al . 2005, Phytochem Anal . 16(2): 77 – 85. Blaschek. In: Wichtl – Teedrogen und Phytopharmaka, 2016.

Existing Methods (General)

• Abundance of published methods, mainly using HPLC‐UV  or HPLC‐MS • UV/Vis spectrophotometry (Folin‐Ciocalteu) used for total  phenolic compounds  • HPTLC, CE‐UV infrequently used • Established methods include: – Official methods of the United States Pharmacopeia and European  Pharmacopoeia – American Herbal Pharmacopoeia  • HPLC‐UV for phenolic compounds in Echinacea angustifolia root • HPLC‐UV for phenolic compounds in Echinacea pallida  root  • HPLC‐UV for phenolic compounds in Echinacea purpurea root and herb • SLV for phenolic compounds in Echinacea angustifolia ,  Echinacea pallida , and Echinacea purpurea root and herb  by Brown et al. (2011)